Schizophrenia is a severe long-term mental health condition. It can cause a range of different psychological symptoms, including hallucinations and delusions. Being autistic and having schizophrenia is thought to be rare, but the research and evidence is very limited.  Having schizophrenia can be an upsetting and scary experience, but with treatment it can be managed. This guide explores more about schizophrenia and autism, treatment and support options.
 

What is schizophrenia? 

“Schizophrenia is a severe long-term mental health condition. It causes a range of different psychological symptoms. These include: 

• hallucinations – hearing or seeing things that do not exist outside of the mind 
• delusions – unusual beliefs not based on reality   
• muddled thoughts based on hallucinations or delusions  
• losing interest in everyday activities 
• not caring about your personal hygiene 
• wanting to avoid people, including friends.” 

NHS (2019) 

Delusions and hallucinations are types of psychosis. Psychosis is a symptom of certain mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia, rather than a diagnosis itself. 

There is no single test for schizophrenia and it is usually diagnosed after assessment by a mental health specialist. Symptoms need to occur for at least one month for a diagnosis of schizophrenia.   

Schizophrenia is a lifelong condition that can make distinguishing reality from delusions very difficult. It can be extremely upsetting and distressing for the person experiencing it and can result in drastic changes in behaviour including becoming, angry, confused and suspicious of those around them. Schizophrenia can have a significant impact on your relationships with friends, family and partners. Treatment and support is essential to help manage schizophrenia. 

Very little is known about the relationship between autism and schizophrenia, including how common it is in autistic people or any specific risk factors. With so little understanding of the relationship between autism and schizophrenia, it is possible that autistic people may be at risk of having the early signs of schizophrenia missed.
 

Getting help with schizophrenia 

Schizophrenia is a complex and extreme mental health condition and is often treated through community mental health teams. It is important to seek help and support as early as possible. If you think your child may be experiencing some of the symptoms of schizophrenia or psychosis, contact your GP. You GP should be able to refer you to a local mental health team for further help. 

You can also visit our mental health support page for more information about seeking help.
 

Treatment for schizophrenia 

There are no specific guidelines on treatment for autistic people with schizophrenia but the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has produced guidelines for treating schizophrenia, one for children and young people and one for adults.  

The NICE guidelines recommend treatment to include a combination of antipsychotic medication and psychological treatments, which include: 

• cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)  
• family therapy  
• arts therapy  

Autistic people with schizophrenia emphasise the importance of medication in managing and treating their schizophrenia.
 

Charities offering advice  

Other than the guidelines outlined by NICE, there is no specific advice for autistic people with schizophrenia, but there are several charities and organisation that offer general help and information, such as Mind, Rethink Mental Illness and the NHS.  
 

Useful links  

Personal accounts

The following accounts may share information and experiences that you may find distressing.

• Tsang (2013)  
• Miguel (2020)